Recovery of Routine Immunisation: Mapping External Financing Opportunities for Reaching Zero-Dose Children

Routine immunisation of preterm infants.

Fifty one preterm infants (26-36 weeks' gestation) were enrolled in a study of their immunological responses to diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio antigens eight to 12 weeks after their primary courses had been completed. Samples from 21 infants born at full term were also analysed. Many infants were able to start immunisation at 3 months of age. Premature infants who are immunised as so...

Immunisation: Opportunities and Challenges

Received March 5, 2003 Abstract Immunisation provides protection from infective diseases that have previously caused major mortality and morbidity worldwide. Protection from vaccine preventable diseases should be available to all children globally. During the last two decades, global initiatives have led to significant improvement in vaccine availability for all children, but there is still muc...

External Financing Method: Financing through Debt and Stock Issuance

Countries need short, medium, and long-term investment plans for production growth and development. Different sources for these investments can be supplied through retained profit, stock issuance, and bank loans, or a combination them. Institutions and firms need huge amount of capitals for their survival, production, and also development of activities. In addition, these institutions and firms...

Cost–benefit evaluation of routine influenza immunisation

Overlooking routine immunisation in northern Nigeria.

Tara Mangal and colleagues document the struggle to eliminate polio in northern Nigeria. However, they overlook the importance of routine immunisation to polio eradication eff orts. The investigators identified an association between the risk of contracting polio and oral polio vaccine unavailability. Systemic problems with routine immunisation distribution, supply chain, and staffi ng result i...